Which treatment options are typically included for Ewing sarcoma?

Ewing sarcoma is a type of sarcoma that primarily affects children and adolescents, characterized by small round blue cells. The standard treatment approach for Ewing sarcoma includes a multimodal strategy that typically involves surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy.

Surgery is performed to remove the tumor, especially when it is localized and operable. However, there is a high tendency for metastasis, which makes the use of additional treatments crucial. Radiotherapy may be utilized both for localized tumors as an adjunct to surgery and for metastatic disease to control the spread through targeted radiation. Chemotherapy plays a vital role, as it can help shrink tumors, treat any systemic disease, and reduce the likelihood of recurrence. This combination greatly improves survival rates and disease control.

Thus, the inclusion of all three treatment modalities—surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—distinguishes the effective treatment for Ewing sarcoma, ensuring comprehensive management of the tumor and addressing potential metastases. This approach makes it clear why the correct answer reflects an integrative treatment strategy for the disease.