Which symptom is often associated with an epidural hematoma?

An epidural hematoma is typically associated with a collection of blood between the inner table of the skull and the dura mater, often due to trauma. One notable symptom of an epidural hematoma is the presence of a fixed and dilated pupil on the side of the injury. This occurs due to increased intracranial pressure or direct pressure on the oculomotor nerve (cranial nerve III) as the hematoma expands. When the hematoma develops and exerts pressure, it can impair the nerve's function, leading to the classic sign of a pupil that is non-reactive to light and remains dilated.

The symptoms associated with an epidural hematoma can progress rapidly, and while severe headache and other symptoms may accompany it, the fixed and dilated pupil is a more specific and critical sign indicating potential life-threatening pressure on the brain. Immediate recognition and intervention are essential in cases of suspected epidural hematoma to prevent further neurological deterioration.