Where does the hypoglossal nerve run in relation to the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles?

The hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) has a specific anatomical relationship with the hyoglossus and mylohyoid muscles that is crucial for understanding its function and relevance in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

The hypoglossal nerve runs laterally to the hyoglossus muscle, which is responsible for the movement of the tongue, and it also runs medially to the mylohyoid muscle. The mylohyoid muscle forms the floor of the oral cavity and separates the submandibular space from the oral cavity above. This positioning allows the hypoglossal nerve to supply motor innervation to the muscles of the tongue without being obstructed by the adjacent mylohyoid muscle.

Understanding this anatomical relationship is important for surgical procedures in the region, as it helps in avoiding damage to the hypoglossal nerve and ensures preservation of tongue function. Consequently, the assertion that the hypoglossal nerve runs laterally to the hyoglossus while being situated medially to the mylohyoid muscle accurately reflects its anatomical course.