What mechanism is responsible for condylar head flattening?

The mechanism of condylar head flattening primarily involves bone-on-bone contact and free radical formation. In cases of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, significant loading of the joint can lead to increased friction between the articulating surfaces, aggravating mechanical stress. This stress can cause micro-damage to the articular cartilage and underlying bone, leading to alterations in the joint structure.

As this bone-on-bone contact persists, it may stimulate the production of free radicals. These reactive molecules can contribute to oxidative stress within the joint environment, further damaging cartilage and leading to structural changes such as flattening of the condylar head. This process is facilitated by inflammation and the subsequent catabolic changes in the bone and associated soft tissues, further compounding the flattening effect.

Understanding this mechanism highlights the significance of mechanical loading and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of condylar alterations, which can be critical for developing targeted management strategies for TMJ disorders.