What is the required initial torque needed for intermediate denture stability over four implants in the maxilla?

The required initial torque for intermediate denture stability over four implants in the maxilla is crucial for ensuring that the implants can effectively support the prosthesis. The range of 35-45 Ncm is established based on biomechanical principles and clinical evidence regarding the stability and longevity of implant-supported dentures.

This range allows for optimal force distribution among the implants, providing sufficient retention without risking overloading or damaging the implant or surrounding bone. A higher torque may lead to excessive forces that could compromise bone integration or cause complications such as implant failure or loosening of components. Conversely, a lower torque may not provide adequate stability, leading to movement and potential discomfort for the patient.

Ballpark torque values are important in the context of immediate loading protocols and the healing process of osseointegration, particularly in the maxilla, where bone density can vary. Therefore, maintaining torque within the 35-45 Ncm range represents an evidence-based approach to achieving the balance necessary for effective function and patient comfort.