What is the primary site of action for cyclosporine?

Prepare for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Board Exam with flashcards and multiple choice questions. Each question offers hints and explanations. Ace your board exam!

Cyclosporine primarily acts on T cells, which is crucial for its immunosuppressive effects. This drug inhibits the activation of T cells by interfering with the signal transduction pathways that are necessary for T cell activation and proliferation. Specifically, cyclosporine binds to cyclophilin inside the T cells, and this complex inhibits the activity of calcineurin, an enzyme that is essential for activating the transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). This inhibition prevents the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2), a key cytokine for T cell growth and differentiation.

While other immune cells, such as B cells, macrophages, and neutrophils, play roles in the immune response, cyclosporine’s primary action is on T cells, making them the central focus for its therapeutic effects. The inhibition of T cell function leads to a reduction in the immune response, which is particularly valuable in preventing organ transplant rejection and treating autoimmune conditions.

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