What is the primary factor correlating with relapse after a mandibular setback procedure?

The primary factor correlating with relapse after a mandibular setback procedure is inadvertent anteroposterior rotation of the proximal segment. This is significant because when the proximal segment rotates anteriorly, it can negatively impact the stability of the surgical result. This rotational change often occurs due to muscle pull or misalignment during the healing process, leading to an unfavorable re-establishment of the original occlusal plane and position of the mandible.

In the context of surgery, achieving precise positioning of both the distal and proximal segments is crucial. When the proximal segment rotates unintentionally, it can interfere with the intended postoperative occlusion and contribute to relapse. This highlights the importance of careful surgical technique and postoperative management to minimize such movements and ensure the stability of the surgical result. Other factors, while potentially influential, do not have as strong a direct correlation with relapse as the inadvertent rotation of the proximal segment does.