What is the most common cause of septic shock?

Prepare for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) Board Exam with flashcards and multiple choice questions. Each question offers hints and explanations. Ace your board exam!

The most common cause of septic shock is indeed associated with Gram-negative bacteria. Septic shock occurs as a result of a systemic inflammatory response to infection, leading to profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities.

Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species, are known for producing endotoxins, particularly lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can trigger a potent immune response. This response can result in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and ultimately a drop in blood pressure, all characteristic of septic shock.

While Gram-positive bacteria can also cause septic shock, they are generally less common as a sole cause compared to Gram-negative bacteria. Fungal infections and viral infections are less frequently associated with septic shock compared to bacterial infections. Thus, understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind these infections helps clarify why Gram-negative bacteria are a predominant cause in these clinical scenarios.

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