What is the most common long-term complication associated with costochondral grafts?

The most common long-term complication associated with costochondral grafts is asymmetric growth. Costochondral grafts are often used in reconstructive procedures, particularly for the mandible or maxilla. This grafting technique involves taking a segment of rib cartilage, which is then shaped and attached to the existing skeletal structure.

As the patient grows, particularly in younger patients, the costochondral graft can have different growth rates compared to the surrounding bone, leading to an imbalance in growth. This asymmetric growth can result in functional and aesthetic issues, such as an uneven jawline or discrepancies in occlusion. Monitoring growth and development is crucial in patients who receive these grafts, especially in children and adolescents, to address any potential complications promptly.

Other complications, while possible, do not occur as frequently as asymmetric growth. Infection and bone resorption can occur but are relatively less common and often manageable through proper surgical technique and care. Implant failure can occur with many types of grafts, but costochondral grafts are typically well-integrated when healing properly. Thus, asymmetric growth stands out as the primary concern in the long-term follow-up of patients with costochondral grafts.