What is one of the key mechanisms of action of metformin?

One of the key mechanisms of action of metformin is its ability to decrease hepatic glucose production. Metformin primarily works by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver, a process referred to as hepatic gluconeogenesis. This reduction in hepatic glucose output is crucial for lowering blood sugar levels, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes, who often experience insulin resistance accompanied by excessive hepatic glucose production. By decreasing this production, metformin helps to improve glycemic control and contributes to the overall management of diabetes.

In contrast to the other options, metformin does not primarily function by increasing insulin secretion from the pancreas, enhancing glucagon secretion, or increasing glucose absorption in the intestines. Its unique ability to target the liver makes it a cornerstone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.