During a preauricular approach for TMJ surgery, where is the facial nerve (CN VII) located?

In a preauricular approach for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) surgery, it is essential to understand the anatomy of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) to avoid intraoperative complications. The correct location of the facial nerve is indeed between the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS) and the superficial layer of the deep temporal fascia.

The facial nerve emerges from the brainstem and travels in a relatively superficial manner in this region, making its proximity to surgical fields critical. When using the preauricular incision, the surgeon typically encounters the facial nerve at this location, which is a crucial consideration for preserving nerve function during the procedure. Understanding this anatomical relationship enables the surgeon to navigate the surgical field carefully, minimizing the risk of nerve injury.

The other anatomical references, such as being deep to the masseter muscle or along the mandible, are not accurate in the context of the preauricular approach. The nerve does not lie in these positions, as such locations would increase the risk of nerve damage during surgical manipulation.